To reach a PC that’s not running and thus unreachable via TCP/ IP, the packet is broadcast to every system on the subnet. WoL works by creating and issuing a specially formatted network packet (often referred to as a “magic” packet, and typically generated via a software utility) containing a target PC’s MAC address. WoL (which only works on wired connections, incidentally) has been used for years as a way for network administrators to turn on PCs without having to pay them a visit. Setting a system up for Wake-on-LAN (WoL) will allow it to enter various power-saving modes–standby, hibernation, even a complete shutdown–and still let you rouse the system from its slumber when you needed. Keeping a system perpetually powered on can be a tremendous waste of energy and money, and as it turns out you don’t necessarily have to run a system all day and night in order to guarantee remote access. If you regularly access a system from afar, you probably leave it on 24/7 to ensure its constant availability. These days you don’t need to be sitting in front of a PC to use it considering the countless utilities/services that can provide remote access to a system over the Internet.
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